Slides from today’s Big Data Step-by-Step Tutorials: Infrastructure series and Intro to R+Hadoop with RHadoop’s rmr

March 10, 2012 — Jeffrey Breen

Here are my presentations from today’s Boston Predictive Analytics Big Data Workshop.

All code and config files are available at github: https://github.com/jeffreybreen/tutorial-201203-big-data

My portion of the workshop was divided into four parts, three focusing on different infrastructure scenarios and ending with a deep dive into the rmr R package:

Big Data Step-by-Step: Infrastructure 1/3: Local VM

    Starting small. Just because Big Data tools like Hadoop were designed to run at “web-scale,” across many nodes, doesn’t mean you need to build a cluster—or even dedicate a single machine—to get started. In this deck we download and install a virtual machine from Cloudera which comes complete with a functioning, single-node Hadoop installation. As long as you restrict the size of your data set appropriately, this is great way to become accustomed to Hadoop and its tools. We walk through running a Hadoop Streaming job to make sure everything works. We later use this same VM to spawn a Hadoop cluster in the cloud (see part 3).

Big Data Step-by-Step: Infrastructure 2/3: Running R and RStudio on EC2

Not everyone has Big Data. Some of us have an occasional need to analyze a data set larger than comfortably fits in our existing analysis environment either due to disk, CPU, or memory constraints. For these times, launching a single, large machine in the cloud may fit the bill. This part of presentation walks through how to launch just such a machine using Amazon’s EC2 cloud computing platform. Since I tend to run R and RStudio on Linux, that’s the focus of this tutorial, but the general outline may be helpful to others as well.

Big Data Step-by-Step: Infrastructure 3/3: Taking it to the cloud… easily… with Whirr

Scale up using the cloud. The Apache Whirr cloud management tool makes it easy to launch a Hadoop cluster on EC2. We use the Cloudera VM from presentation #1 as a launching point for the cluster and, thanks to a Whirr-generated proxy script, submit jobs and fetch results from our local VM just as before. For extra credit, we see how Whirr can save us money by bidding for excess capacity via EC2’s spot instances.

Big Data Step-by-Step: Using R & Hadoop (with RHadoop’s rmr package)

Crunching Big Data with R. Originally a Java-only ecosystem, Hadoop Streaming allows the creation of mappers, reducers, and combiners in any language which can handle stdin and stdout—but that doesn’t mean you want to have to write code to manage I/O at that level. After a quick (and undoubtedly incomplete) survey of Hadoop-related R packages, we walk through some of the abstractions and features of RHadoop’s rmr package which make it easier for R developers to get started. We walk through a sample mapper and reducer, demonstrating and documenting the native R objects which carry the data from step to step.

Thank you to the session’s sponsors, all the speakers, and to an interesting and engaged audience. Special thanks to John Versotek for arranging such an informative and enjoyable day, and for the opportunity to take part.

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slides from my R tutorial on Twitter text mining #rstats

July 4, 2011 — Jeffrey Breen

Update: An expanded version of this tutorial will appear in the new Elsevier book Practical Text Mining and Statistical Analysis for Non-structured Text Data Applications by Gary Miner et. al which is now available for pre-order from Amazon.

In conjunction with the book, I have cleaned up the tutorial code and published it on github.

Last month I presented this introduction to R at the Boston Predictive Analytics MeetUp on Twitter Sentiment.

The goal of the presentation was to expose a first-time (but technically savvy) audience to working in R. The scenario we work through is to estimate the sentiment expressed in tweets about major U.S. airlines. Even with a tiny sample and a very crude algorithm (simply counting the number of positive vs. negative words), we find a believable result. We conclude by comparing our result with scores we scrape from the American Consumer Satisfaction Index web site.

Jeff Gentry’s twitteR package makes it easy to fetch the tweets. Also featured are the plyr, ggplot2, doBy, and XML packages. A real analysis would, no doubt, lean heavily on the tm text mining package for stemming, etc.

Here is the slimmed-down version of the slides:

And here’s a PDF version to download.

Special thanks to John Verostek for putting together such an interesting event, and for providing valuable feedback and help with these slides.

Update: thanks to eagle-eyed Carl Howe for noticing a slightly out-of-date version of the score.sentiment() function in the deck. Missing was handling for NA values from match(). The deck has been updated and the code is reproduced here for convenience:


score.sentiment = function(sentences, pos.words, neg.words, .progress='none')
{
	require(plyr)
	require(stringr)
	
	# we got a vector of sentences. plyr will handle a list
	# or a vector as an "l" for us
	# we want a simple array ("a") of scores back, so we use 
	# "l" + "a" + "ply" = "laply":
	scores = laply(sentences, function(sentence, pos.words, neg.words) {
		
		# clean up sentences with R's regex-driven global substitute, gsub():
		sentence = gsub('[[:punct:]]', '', sentence)
		sentence = gsub('[[:cntrl:]]', '', sentence)
		sentence = gsub('\\d+', '', sentence)
		# and convert to lower case:
		sentence = tolower(sentence)

		# split into words. str_split is in the stringr package
		word.list = str_split(sentence, '\\s+')
		# sometimes a list() is one level of hierarchy too much
		words = unlist(word.list)

		# compare our words to the dictionaries of positive & negative terms
		pos.matches = match(words, pos.words)
		neg.matches = match(words, neg.words)
	
		# match() returns the position of the matched term or NA
		# we just want a TRUE/FALSE:
		pos.matches = !is.na(pos.matches)
		neg.matches = !is.na(neg.matches)

		# and conveniently enough, TRUE/FALSE will be treated as 1/0 by sum():
		score = sum(pos.matches) - sum(neg.matches)

		return(score)
	}, pos.words, neg.words, .progress=.progress )

	scores.df = data.frame(score=scores, text=sentences)
	return(scores.df)
}
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